No Fair Use for Internet Archive’s Digital Library

copyright Fair Use substantial similarity

On September 4, 2024, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decided Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive, denying the online digital repository’s ability to copy and distribute copyright-protected works for free, and without permission, to the general public. Internet Archive creates digital copies of print works for posting on its site, making …

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New Approved AVAs

patent

The Tax & Trade Bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury has approved four new American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) this year: Contra Costa, Comptche, Yucaipa Valley, and Upper Cumberland. The first three are in California, and the Upper Cumberland AVA is in Tennessee. An AVA is the US designation of appellation of origin (AO), …

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Ninth Circuit: No SHIFT+DELETE for Server Test

copyright Fair Use technology

The issues where technology and intellectual property laws collide were discussed in the Ninth Circuit’s opinion in Hunley v. Instagram, LLC,[1] decided on July 17, 2023. In Hunley, the Ninth Circuit re-affirmed the so-called Server Test limiting liability for copyright infringement. Facts Plaintiffs Alexis Hunley and Matthew Brauer both posted their photographic works on their …

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Limitations on Transformative Use: SCOTUS Finds Nothing Transformative in Warhol’s Use of Goldsmith’s Prince Photo

copyright Fair Use originality scotus watch

Reviewing the last U.S. Supreme Court 2022 term, the highest court decided several high-profile cases involving intellectual property rights.  The keyword among these cases is “limitation.”  There are limitations on the breadth of particular areas of IP law.  These limitations will affect the IP holder’s rights, as well as those who are infringing those rights.  …

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Limitations of the 1st Amendment in Trademark Cases: the Dog Toy Case

1st amendment likelihood of confusion section 2(d) trademark

Reviewing the last U.S. Supreme Court 2022 term, the highest court decided several high-profile cases involving intellectual property rights.  The keyword among these cases – two trademark, one copyright, and one patent – is “limitation.”  What does this mean?  The various laws implicated by these opinions do not operate in a vacuum and work in …

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The Enablement Requirement Requires More Than Just “Two Research Assignments,” says SCOTUS

112 Enablement patent

On May 18, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court released its long-awaited decision in Amgen Inc. v. Sanofi,[1] which touches on a formal requirement for patentability, the enablement requirement.  In a unanimous ruling, the Supreme Court held that where a patent claims an entire genus, the specification must enable one skilled in the art to make …

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U.S. Patent No. PP35,001 P3 Blueberry Plant Named ‘C15-270’

patent plant plantIP

U.S. Patent No. PP35,001 P3 (‘001) issued on February 28, 2023 for “Blueberry Plant Named ‘C15-270’.”  It was issued to inventors Jessica Scalzo & James W. Olmestead and applicants/assignees Costa Berry International Pty Ltd. of Ravenhall, Australia, and Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., of Marianna, Florida.  The ‘001 patent is a plant patent under 35 …

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