A recent Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit case sheds light on two little-known trademark doctrines: the doctrine of natural expansion and the doctrine of tacking. Both can be useful arguments in an ex parte application. However, both require very specific sets of facts in order to apply them properly in a response. In …
Author: Yonaxis
AI Works Not Eligible for Copyright Registration
Consistency in intellectual property regimes is essential for a uniform practice of those intellectual property laws. Case in point is Thaler v. Perlmutter, a copyright case holding that works created by artificial intelligence software is not a human author for purposes of the Copyright Act of 1976 (See 17 U.S.C. §102(a) (“Copyright protection subsists . …
Notes on Copyright Registration of AI-Assisted Works
On January 31, 2025, the U.S. Copyright Office issued examination guidelines related to registration of works either assisted or generated by artificial intelligence tools. This blog discussed these guidelines in an earlier post. While there has been much angst as to the guidelines’ impact on creative endeavors involving AI-assisted works, it appears there are some …
Understanding Trademark Distinctiveness
The concept of distinctiveness is important under trademark law because it is one of the requirements for a federally registered mark. Distinctiveness goes to the strength of the mark. In theory, the more distinctive a mark, the more likely it is capable of identifying and distinguishing against all other sources of goods and services used …
Thoughts on Elster and the Names Clause
Eight months after the U.S. Supreme Court held in the Elster case that so-called Names Clause under Section 2(c) of the Lanham Act, the federal trademark law, prohibited the use of a living person’s name in a proposed mark without that person’s consent, we are still seeing many applications filed raising Section 2(c) issues. What …
Copyright Office’s Registration AI Guidance
The U.S. Copyright Office issued its second report on issues related to registration of works using artificial intelligence (AI). The second report, issued on January 29, 2025, discusses copyrightability and application-related issues. The Copyright Office’s analysis of the legal framework is not surprising given the fairly well-settled nature of the case law landscape. The constitutional …
Patent Fees Increase on Jan. 19
Consistent with its previous fee study authorized by Congress in 2022, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is increasing patent fees on a long list of categories. The study culminated in an official proposed fee schedule published in the Federal Register. The USPTO anticipates a gradual increase in the number of patent applications filed …
USPTO Trademark Fees Increasing This Month
Although USPTO fees typically increase, for different matters, every two years, this year’s increases are sweeping. According to the USPTO, policy rationales for the fee increases included in the published final rule: These rationales appear in line with forcing application efficiency, with most of the burden being carried by the applicant. Five to ten years …
A Tale of Two Airports
The ongoing saga between two of the Bay Area’s major airports continues as Oakland International Airport (OAK) filed an appeal on December 12, 2024, on the order for preliminary injunction granted to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) by a federal district judge ordering it to desist from using “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport,” which …
No Fair Use for Internet Archive’s Digital Library
On September 4, 2024, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decided Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive, denying the online digital repository’s ability to copy and distribute copyright-protected works for free, and without permission, to the general public. Internet Archive creates digital copies of print works for posting on its site, making …