A Tale of Two Airports

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The ongoing saga between two of the Bay Area’s major airports continues as Oakland International Airport (OAK) filed an appeal on December 12, 2024, on the order for preliminary injunction granted to San Francisco International Airport (SFO) by a federal district judge ordering it to desist from using “San Francisco Bay Oakland International Airport,” which …

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No Fair Use for Internet Archive’s Digital Library

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On September 4, 2024, the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit decided Hachette Book Group, Inc. v. Internet Archive, denying the online digital repository’s ability to copy and distribute copyright-protected works for free, and without permission, to the general public. Internet Archive creates digital copies of print works for posting on its site, making …

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New Approved AVAs

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The Tax & Trade Bureau of the U.S. Department of the Treasury has approved four new American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) this year: Contra Costa, Comptche, Yucaipa Valley, and Upper Cumberland. The first three are in California, and the Upper Cumberland AVA is in Tennessee. An AVA is the US designation of appellation of origin (AO), …

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Ninth Circuit: No SHIFT+DELETE for Server Test

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The issues where technology and intellectual property laws collide were discussed in the Ninth Circuit’s opinion in Hunley v. Instagram, LLC,[1] decided on July 17, 2023. In Hunley, the Ninth Circuit re-affirmed the so-called Server Test limiting liability for copyright infringement. Facts Plaintiffs Alexis Hunley and Matthew Brauer both posted their photographic works on their …

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Limitations on Transformative Use: SCOTUS Finds Nothing Transformative in Warhol’s Use of Goldsmith’s Prince Photo

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Reviewing the last U.S. Supreme Court 2022 term, the highest court decided several high-profile cases involving intellectual property rights.  The keyword among these cases is “limitation.”  There are limitations on the breadth of particular areas of IP law.  These limitations will affect the IP holder’s rights, as well as those who are infringing those rights.  …

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Limitations of the 1st Amendment in Trademark Cases: the Dog Toy Case

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Reviewing the last U.S. Supreme Court 2022 term, the highest court decided several high-profile cases involving intellectual property rights.  The keyword among these cases – two trademark, one copyright, and one patent – is “limitation.”  What does this mean?  The various laws implicated by these opinions do not operate in a vacuum and work in …

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The Enablement Requirement Requires More Than Just “Two Research Assignments,” says SCOTUS

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On May 18, 2023, the U.S. Supreme Court released its long-awaited decision in Amgen Inc. v. Sanofi,[1] which touches on a formal requirement for patentability, the enablement requirement.  In a unanimous ruling, the Supreme Court held that where a patent claims an entire genus, the specification must enable one skilled in the art to make …

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